The African continent faces a plethora of non-conventional and international security threats and risks. They include CBRNe IDFocus on the partnership between AFRICSIS and NRPA terrorism, cyber-attacks, climate change, and nuclear technology proliferation. The zenith of their implications during the last decade have significantly challenged the very concept of national security, stymied economic growth, and menaced regional stability. Therefore, the 21st century security environment is increasingly complex, scientific, and technical in nature. To that end, African governments are increasingly turning to a diverse toolbox of capabilities such as expertise and partnerships to devise innovative and effective solutions for non-conventional security threats. Part of these capabilities come from the important work done by research institutions, government entities, and multilateral organizations.
